Surgical Treatment | Dr Faraz Vali

Surgery is one of the most effective ways to treat many types of cancer, especially gynecologic cancers. The goal of surgery is to remove cancerous tumors and affected tissues, sometimes along with nearby lymph nodes or organs, depending on the extent of the disease.

Modern advancements in surgical oncology allow for minimally invasive techniques, which reduce recovery time, minimize pain, and improve overall patient outcomes.

Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS)

Minimally invasive surgery involves making small incisions instead of a large surgical cut. This technique is also know as laparoscopic surgery commonly used in gynecologic oncology to remove tumors while preserving healthy tissue as much as possible.

In this a tiny camera and special surgical instruments are inserted through small incisions in the abdomen. The surgeon performs the procedure while viewing a high-definition monitor.

It is used for Early-stage ovarian and endometrial (uterine) cancers ,lymph node removal for cancer staging and Ovarian cyst removal

Benefits

Less pain and blood loss
Faster recovery and shorter hospital stays
Minimal scarring

Radical Hysterectomy

Radical hysterectomy is a surgical procedure performed to remove the uterus, cervix, surrounding tissues, part of the vagina, and sometimes lymph nodes.

Radical hysterectomy is most commonly performed for Early-stage cervical cancer (Stage IA2, IB1, and some IB2 cases) , Certain cases of endometrial cancer that have spread to the cervix and some rare gynecologic cancers requiring removal of surrounding tissues

This procedure is more extensive than a total hysterectomy, which removes only the uterus and cervix.

Oophorectomy & Salpingo-Oophorectomy

Oophorectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy are surgical procedures performed to remove the ovaries, often as part of cancer treatment or risk reduction strategies. These surgeries are crucial in treating ovarian cancer, some cases of uterine and cervical cancer, and BRCA-positive patients at high risk of ovarian cancer.

An oophorectomy is a surgery to remove one (Unilateral ) or both (Bilateral)ovaries.
This procedure may be performed alone or in combination with a hysterectomy

A salpingo-oophorectomy is a procedure that removes both the ovary and the fallopian tube.

These Procedure are commonly performed for Ovarian Cancer, Endomertrial Cancer, Cervical Cancer, Preventive Surgery (for high-risk BRCA mutation carriers),
Severe Endometriosis (if ovarian tissue needs removal to control symptoms)

Cytoreductive Surgery (CRS)

Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) is a specialized surgical procedure aimed at removing as much cancerous tissue as possible. It is commonly used in the treatment of advanced-stage gynecologic cancers, especially ovarian cancer, and cancers that have spread within the abdominal cavity (peritoneal carcinomatosis).

This procedure is often combined with Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC), where heated chemotherapy is delivered directly into the abdomen to kill remaining cancer cells.

The goal of CRS is to:

Remove visible tumors to improve survival rates.
Reduce tumor burden, making chemotherapy more effective.
Enhance quality of life by relieving symptoms caused by large tumor masses.

Cytoreductive Surgery is Performed for

Advanced-Stage Ovarian Cancer (Stage III & IV) – To remove widespread cancer in the peritoneal cavity.
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis – Cancer spread in the abdominal lining, often from ovarian, endometrial, or colorectal cancer.
Recurrent Gynecologic Cancers – In cases where cancer has returned and is still surgically resectable.

Fertility-Sparing Surgeries

Fertility-Sparing Surgery (FSS) is a specialized surgical approach aimed at treating gynecologic cancers while preserving a woman's ability to conceive. It is an option for young women diagnosed with early-stage cancers of the reproductive system who wish to retain their fertility.

Fertility-Sparing Surgery for Cervical Cancer
(Radical Trachelectomy)

In this procedure the cervix is removed but uterus is preserved and the uterus is stitched to the vagina, allowing future pregnancy. It is Often done with pelvic lymph node dissection to check for cancer spread and it is recommended for Stage IA1-IB1 cervical cancer .

Fertility-Sparing Surgery for Ovarian Cancer
(Unilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy)

In this procedure the one ovary and fallopian tube is removed, the uterus and the other ovary is preserved. It is Suitable for Stage IA ovarian cancer (cancer in one ovary only).and often used for borderline ovarian tumors (slow-growing, less aggressive).

Fertility-Sparing Surgery for Endometrial Cancer

In this instead of hysterectomy, early-stage endometrial cancer may be treated with progestin therapy (hormone pills). Endometrial biopsy is performed regularly to monitor response. If cancer regresses, the patient can conceive before undergoing a definitive surgery later.

​Surgery is one of the most effective ways to treat many types of cancer, especially gynecologic cancers. The goal of surgery is to remove cancerous tumors and affected tissues, sometimes along with nearby lymph nodes or organs, depending on the extent of the disease.

Modern advancements in surgical oncology allow for minimally invasive techniques, which reduce recovery time, minimize pain, and improve overall patient outcomes.

Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS)

Minimally invasive surgery involves making small incisions instead of a large surgical cut. This technique is also know as laparoscopic surgery commonly used in gynecologic oncology to remove tumors while preserving healthy tissue as much as possible.

​In this a tiny camera and special surgical instruments are inserted through small incisions in the abdomen. The surgeon performs the procedure while viewing a high-definition monitor.

It is used for Early-stage ovarian and endometrial (uterine) cancers ,lymph node removal for cancer staging and Ovarian cyst removal

Benefits

Radical Hysterectomy

Radical hysterectomy is a surgical procedure performed to remove the uterus, cervix, surrounding tissues, part of the vagina, and sometimes lymph nodes.

Radical hysterectomy is most commonly performed for Early-stage cervical cancer (Stage IA2, IB1, and some IB2 cases) , Certain cases of endometrial cancer that have spread to the cervix and some rare gynecologic cancers requiring removal of surrounding tissues

​This procedure is more extensive than a total hysterectomy, which removes only the uterus and cervix.

​Oophorectomy & Salpingo-Oophorectomy

An oophorectomy is a surgery to remove one (Unilateral ) or both (Bilateral)ovaries. This procedure may be performed alone or in combination with a hysterectomy

​A salpingo-oophorectomy is a procedure that removes both the ovary and the fallopian tube.

These Procedure are commonly performed for Ovarian Cancer, Endomertrial Cancer, Cervical Cancer, Preventive Surgery (for high-risk BRCA mutation carriers), Severe Endometriosis (if ovarian tissue needs removal to control symptoms)

Cytoreductive Surgery (CRS)

This procedure is often combined with Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC), where heated chemotherapy is delivered directly into the abdomen to kill remaining cancer cells.

The goal of CRS is to:

Remove visible tumors to improve survival rates.

Reduce tumor burden, making chemotherapy more effective.

Enhance quality of life by relieving symptoms caused by large tumor masses.

Cytoreductive Surgery is Performed for

Advanced-Stage Ovarian Cancer (Stage III & IV) – To remove widespread cancer in the peritoneal cavity.

Peritoneal Carcinomatosis – Cancer spread in the abdominal lining, often from ovarian, endometrial, or colorectal cancer.

Recurrent Gynecologic Cancers – In cases where cancer has returned and is still surgically resectable.